腸管か鼻の細胞に感染させる粘膜ワクチンが未来のパンデミック対策である理由
粘膜ワクチンの開発もめざすコロナ制圧タスクフォース
●コロナ制圧タスクフォース 2020年5月21日発表
研究統括責任者：慶應義塾大学 金井隆典教授
●大阪大学大学院医学系研究科・医学部
※分子ニードル技術に基づく粘膜ワクチンの開発など
共同研究グループ「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」発足 ～新型コロナウイルス感染症の遺伝学的知見に基づいた COVID-19粘膜免疫ワクチンの研究開発を促進～
●国立感染症研究所 長谷川 秀樹 先生
平成20年9月18日 経鼻粘膜投与型ワクチンの開発
「鼻に一吹き次世代ワクチン」
http://idsc.nih.go.jp/training/20kanri/006.html
※国立感染症研究所の長谷川先生は、
ビルゲイツのように未来のパンデミック対策を考え
10年以上前に経鼻粘膜投与型ワクチンの開発の必要性を発表した
＊現在、一般的に予防注射されているインフルエンザなどの
注射型ワクチンはウイルスが細胞内に感染するのを防げない
注射型ワクチンは血液の中のIgG抗体を誘導するが、
鼻の中などの粘膜上にでる分泌型のIgA抗体は誘導されない。
粘膜ワクチンは血液の中のIgG抗体と分泌型IgA抗体の
両方の免疫を獲得できる
★パンデミック対策には注射型ワクチンよりも
粘膜ワクチンが優れている理由
＊粘膜ワクチンは分泌型IgA抗体を誘導するのでウイルスが変異しても有効
＊血管の血液の中のIgGはウイルスが変異すると無効
＊パンデミックをおこすウイルスは変異したウイルスなので
注射型ワクチンを準備しておくことはできない
※日本人はコロナウイルスの（粘膜ワクチンで）
免疫を獲得していたので、
SARS-CoV-2に感染して死亡する人が少ないのではないか？
◆ワクチンを注射するより、新型コロナウイルスを食べてお腹の腸管に感染した方がIgAの免疫は強くなる。
※口から食物といっしょに新型コロナウイルスを大量に食べると、
大部分は胃酸で不活化されてしまうが、一部のウイルスがお腹の腸管まで到達する。
そして小腸の腸管上皮細胞のACE２から細胞の中にウイルスが入る。
腸管に感染するが、無症状のことが多い。症状が出ても下痢などの胃腸炎症状。
下痢などの症状は体が病原体と免疫で戦ったという証拠。
敵と戦わないと免疫は強くならない。
◆新型コロナウイルスを生で食べると、粘膜ワクチン効果
注射より、腸管などの粘膜にウイルスを感染させる生の粘膜ワクチンの方が有効
注射した後に症状がでないほど良いワクチンだというのは誤解。
症状は、免疫が作用した証拠。
感染させない注射型ワクチンは感染させる生の粘膜ワクチンと比較して、
使用後の症状は軽いが、ワクチンの効果が弱く、変異したウイルスには無効。
※人の体には鼻や、お腹の腸にウイルスを感染させて免疫を獲得するシステムがある。
粘膜ワクチンは、もともとヒトの体にあるそのシステムを利用するから優れている。
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