牡蠣を生で食べると、ノロウイルス感染症をおこす理由
＜牡蠣を生で食べてノロウイルス感染症などの食中毒をおこした時の感染経路＞
日本では、「生食用」と表示された牡蠣が販売され、
日本中であたりまえのように生の牡蠣が食べられています。
そして運の悪い人がノロウイルス感染症になり、
強烈で頻回な嘔吐、下痢症状をおこし、
救急車で病院へ搬送されたりしています。
ノロウイルス感染症だけでなく細菌性食中毒を
おこすこともよくあります。
A型肝炎ウイルスによる急性肝炎という怖い病気になることもあります。
なぜ牡蠣を生で食べるとウイルスに感染するのでしょうか？
実は、感染経路のスタートは牡蠣ではなく、
ノロウイルス感染症をおこしたヒトです。ノロウイルス感染症をおこすと
吐いたり下痢したりしますが、その時の吐物や便には、
多量のウイルスが入っています。それがトイレで流されると、
下水処理場へ行き、そこできれいな水にするために濾過されますが、
ウイルスはとても小さいので、この濾過をすりぬけてしまうのです。
そして川へ排出された水の中のウイルスは海へと流れていきます。
河口の近くの海にいる牡蠣は、プランクトンを食べるために
大量の海水を飲んでいます。飲んだ海水の中にウイルスがいると、
牡蠣のお腹の中の中腸腺に濃縮されたウイルスがたまっていくのです。
だからそれを加熱しないで食べた人が食中毒をおこすのは、あたりまえなのです。
＜悪いのは貝さんじゃない。彼はプランクトンを食べたかっただけ＞
海の中の貝さんの食べ物は、海水の中にいるプランクトンです。
プランクトンをたくさん食べて満腹になるために、
毎日、多量の海水を飲んでいます。
飲んだらすぐに、きれいな水を吐き出します。
貝さんのおかげで海の水はきれいになっていきます。
貝さんはプランクトンといっしょにノロウイルスも飲み込んでしまいます。
しかしノロウイルスに感染して病気になることはありません。
体の中でウイルスが増えて、嘔吐したり下痢したりすることはないのです。
お腹の中にウイルスがたまるだけです。
貝さんは、ノロウイルス感染症にならないので、それがどういう病気かも知りません。
なのにノロウイルスを感染させた犯人として逮捕され牢屋に入れられることが
日本ではよくあります。
貝さんが「私はプランクトンを食べていただけだよー。ノロウイルスって何？
そんなの知らないよー。私は無実です」とどんなに叫んでも、
日本語ではなかったので、理解してはもらえませんでした。
●ノロウイルスの感染経路
大阪市此花区役所保健福祉課
http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/konohana/page/0000455715.html
感染経路１
ノロウイルスに感染した人→患者の吐物・便とともにウイルスが排出→川から海へ→
貝の中腸腺にウイルスが蓄積→加熱不十分で食べる
→ノロウイルス感染・発病
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